As early as the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC --- 476 BC), Guiyang originally belonged to the Ke Country. In the period of Warring States (475BC --- 221BC), it was subordinate to Yelang Country. 

During the period of the Tang Dynasty (618AD --- 907AD), Jimi Autonomous Prefecture was set up in the south of the Wujiang River. At that time, Guiyang was subordinate to Ju Autonomous Prefecture. In the the Song Dynasty, in the 1st year of Xuanhe Reign (1119), the name of Ju Autonomous Prefecture was replaced by the name of Guizhou. In the 17th year of Zhiyuan Reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1280), a Consoling Protocol Department of Shunyuanlu was set up. In the 22nd year (1283), a Protocol Department of commanding official was set up to administrate Shunyuanlu which was first subordinate to Sichuan Province and then to Huguang Province. In the 29th year (1292), Comforting Protocol Departments of Shunyuan and Bafan were combined as a whole, and a Bafan-Shunyuan Protocol Department was set up with its marshal mansion in Shunyuan City (that is the Guiyang City now). In the 11th year of Yongle Reign of the Ming Dynasty (1413), a Protocol Department of Political Deputy was set up and Guizhou was set as a province and Guiyang became the political, military, economic and cultural center.

In the 16th year of Shunzhi Reign of the Qing Dynasty (1659), Guizhou provincial governor stationed at Guiyang as the Forces and People Prefecture. In the 5th year of Kangxi Reign (1666), the Yungui governor was moved to Guiyang. In the 3rd year of the Republic of China (1914), Guiyang Prefecture was abolished and Guiyang County was set up. At that time, Guizhou was divided into 3 Routes (administrative areas), where Guiyang County was subordinated to Qianzhong Route. In the 9th year (1920), the Qianzhong Route was abolished and Guiyang County was directly subordinated to Guizhou Provincial Prefecture. On July 1st, 1941, Guiyang County was abolished and Guiyang City was set up. From then on, changes were not made until liberation.

Guiyang City was liberated on November 15th, 1949. Guiyang Municipal People’s Governemnt was established on November 23.