Liangshan (Chinese: 凉山彝族自治州), officially the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, is an autonomous prefecture in Sichuan whose capital is Xichang. Liangshan has an area of 60,423 km² and over 4.5 million inhabitants (2010). It is also has the largest population of ethnic Yi people in China.

Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture locates in the southwest of Sichuan province with south to the Jinsha River， north to the Dadu River，east to the Sichuan Basin and west linking Hengduan Mountain， between 100°15'-103°53'E and 26°03'- 29°27'N. It governs 17 counties (cities) and has an area of 6.04 million M2 and a population of 4.73 million including 2.31 million of Yi minority people which acounts for 48.9% of the total and makes it the largest Yi community. 

Liangshan has a large land and brilliant mountains and rivers with abundant resources. The development potentials are very attractive and it is an integral part of Sichuan Panzhihua-Xichang multipurpose development zone. The Party and national leaders have always paid a lot of attention to the development and construction of Liangshan and Deng Xiaoping， the designer of China's reform and opening， said "here is endowed with unique resources". The president Hu said "Liangshan is a place of beautiful scenery，vast territory and kind people and of great potentials for development. 

For recent years， Liangshan holds on the policy of advantage resources exploitation and protection to strengthen and thrive the Prefecture by developing the industriaI，ecology and opening up. The local government has put great efforts to building up such four industries as hydro-power， mining and metallurgy， the green and tourism and tried to explore a new scientific development model in ethnic minority featuring Liangshan characteristics. The whole area has grown at an accelerated rate and people's livelihood has improved constantly with better national unity and harmonious society. In 2009， the Prefecture GDP reached 62.71 billion RMB， a growth of 15.7% and the financial budget revenues was 7.16 billion RMB， increased by 19.2%， which respectively leaded the 1 st and 2nd places among the 30 minority autonomous prefectures in China， also the 7th and 2nd among the 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan province， remarkably contributing to the development of Sichuan economy.

Xichang， the capital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is the centre of the economy， politics and culture. The city is in harmonious with the mountains and rivers and the climate is spring-like all year round with the elevation of 1510m above sea level and annual average temperature of 16.9* The summer here is not too hot and winter not too cold. The landscape is like Hangzhou and the flowers are compared to the Spring City. It is a city where spring stays and the world-famous aerospace city. It is acknowledged with China most desirable travel place， China's top 10 towns worthy of travelling， China's top 10 ancient cities， Sichuan top 10 livable cities， Sichuan forest city， Sichuan environmental protection model city.

Yi people came into Chinese and western history books as 罗罗 (Lolo) and 夷 in the beginning. After CCP came into power in China, the government changed the name from 罗罗( Lolo) to 彝(Yi) since it was widely regarded as derogatory.