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Weishan Temple Fair in Weishan County,Dali

16 February 2016 in Daxiao Temple, Weishan County

At the foot of Weibaoshan, the temple mountain overlooking Weishan, is Daxiaosi 大小寺, the 'big and small' temple. On the 9th day of the lunar year, the Han celebrate its temple fair.


On the day of the temple fair, from mid-morning on, Weishan's citizens board the shuttle busses for the short journey up the to the temple. Outside, stallholders have already set up their business: small snack stalls, toy-shops, little gambling sites.


Inside, some nuns and monks are chanting, while somewhere Weishan's Ancient Music Orchestra, its answer to Lijiang's Naxi orchestra, are busy playing. One by one, people will bring their offerings to the temple and pray for another prosperous year.

在韩城市治西南,有一座当地最高的山峰,一名“巍山”,又名“禹山”。称其“巍山”,是形容其高,谚曰:“华山高,只到巍山腰”。称其“禹山”,是传说大禹在治理洪水时曾住此处,并亲手在山顶栽了一棵柏树。《诗经·韩奕》云:“奕奕梁山,惟禹甸之”。意思是说,梁山这个地方,是大禹把它治理好的。韩城西北这条山脉统称梁山,所以古时人们常以“梁山”作为韩城的代称。

         以前人们非常重视祭祀。祭祀的内容大致分为祭天地和祭宗庙。

《礼记》云:“天子祭天地,诸侯祭其域内名山大川。”汉武帝时,由于泰山封禅每五年才举行一次,于是将祭后土定为每三年举行一次,为了便于天子祭祀,汉武帝命人在汾阴(今山西万荣县)建后土祠,其中几次祭祀都是从夏阳古渡乘船东渡,司马迁均奉命侍从。而韩城人则将后土祠建在巍山之颠,与万荣的后土祠一河之隔,遥相呼相,万荣人将他们的后土祠称“东庙”,将巍山的后土祠称“西庙”,可见巍山后土祠兴建当也很早,很可能与万荣后土祠同时修建。

        古人将土地神称“社”。《礼记·祭法》:“共工氏之霸九州也,其子曰‘后土’,能平九州,故祀以为‘社’”。张士佩在《韩城县志》中说:“人食地之毛而春祈秋报,此乡社之礼。”故人们每年春秋祭祀后土两次,并将祭祀之日称为“社日”,后来衍称为“庙会”。

        皇天后土,是人们对天地的尊称,也称“乾坤”。古时江淮方言将“母”称“社”。也许是汉语有看一脉相通的关系,古秦晋百姓也将“坤”称为“母娘”。久而久之,人们便将“后土祠”称为“娘娘庙”,祭祀也便由祈五谷丰登渐变为祈子衍嗣了。对于此事,明人张士佩在他纂修的《韩城县志》专有记述。但不论是祈子,还是祈福,巍山每逢庙会,不但韩城士民竞相前往,而且周边合阳、黄龙等县的民众也纷至沓来,鼓乐助兴,百物交流,成为韩城西南地区最盛大的社祀活动。“巍山之庙之祀,其尤一方之所辐辏者乎”,张士佩记述了庙会规模之大;清人傅应奎在续编《韩城县志》时,更增添了“宋真宗祈嗣于此”的传说,足见巍山知名度之高。

       巍山因其雄伟葱笼,故“高门巍岫”曾为韩城昔日八景之一。山上的标志性景点,一是有一座铁瓦庙,其次便是大禹亲手栽植的那棵五人才能合抱的千年古柏。铁瓦庙惜毁于抗日战争时期,但后土祠遗迹尚存。至于那株古柏,在经历了今春一场大火的劫难之后,生死未卜。当应采取措施,予以抢救。

建国后,由于“破四旧”和“文化大革命”等原因,巍山庙会几乎消泯,改革开放后,为了保护传统文化,发展韩城旅游,拟应将恢复巍山古建筑及庙会列入各级政府的议事日程。

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