Chengjiang County (Chinese: officially 澂江县; often spelled 澄江县; pinyin: Chéngjiāng Xiàn; earlier Tchinkiang) is in Yuxi, Yunnan Province, China, just north of Fuxian Lake.
Chengjiang is an underdeveloped county having rich phosphate deposits above and below the formation holding thelagerstätte. They have been exploited in part through efforts that began at about the same time that Hou Xian-guang discovered the deposits that bear these exceptional fossils, with phosphate mining bringing in some 2/3 of the county's revenue in 2003. Efforts were made to close the region to mining in a bid to support the county's bid for listing as a World Heritage Site, given the scientific significance of the fossils. A consequence of this was renewed mining efforts in the region, which threatened the fossil-bearing strata due to erosion, slumping of overburden, and simple destruction by the mining efforts. Chengjiang County faces the dilemma between calls for preservation of the treasure trove of early Cambrian fossils to which it is steward and the economic reliance it has on the phosphate industry, and the difficulty of finding a balance between exploitation and restoration of the land while this is still possible.
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