The government should set higher standards for vehicle emissions while promoting cleaner fuelsto deal with the significant contribution of motor vehicles to air pollution, environmental officialsand experts said on Monday.
More than 100 cities were shrouded in thick smog and haze for the past week. National alarmsfor smog and haze that lasted for seven days were not lifted until Monday morning, according tothe National Meteorological Center.
"Emissions from motor vehicles contribute a significant part to air pollution, sometimes as highas 50 percent, especially in such foggy weather when the air is stagnant," said Lu Shize, airpollution section chief from the Pollution Prevention and Control Department of the EnvironmentalProtection Ministry.
Lu was speaking at the International Workshop on Motor Vehicle Fuel Desulfurization, held by theUnited Nations Environment Programme in Beijing on Monday.
Two standards systems, one for emissions and the other for fuel, control the pollution comingfrom motor vehicles.
China should start to prepare for its new China VI emissions standard, which may further reducethe amount of pollutants discharged by motor vehicles by another 40 percent based on the latestChina V standard, said Ding Yan, deputy head of the ministry's vehicle emission control center.
The Beijing government has vowed to implement the new standard by 2016 at the earliest.
"There has been criticism of the government for being radical in promoting the development ofemissions and fuel standards over the past decade, trying to reach a similar level as developedcountries in such a short time," Ding said.
"But seen from the perspective of environmental protection, we are being too slow by followingthe developed countries' steps, when their pollution levels are already much lower than China's."
Research shows that China's latest fuel standard is behind those of Europe and the UnitedStates, and has much room for improvement.
The sulfur content of gasoline was lowered four times in 10 years, with the allowed contentdropping from 1,000 microgram per gram to the current 50 mcg per gram.
However, the desulfurization of diesel is occurring at a very slow pace, with its allowed sulfurcontent reduced to 350 mcg per gram nationwide on July 1 from the previous level of as high as2,000 mcg per gram, which lasted for more than 10 years.
The permitted sulfur level for diesel in the European standard is 10 mcg per gram.
"Limits for contents of other pollutants in our gasoline standard, such as olefin and aromatics, aretoo high, leading to more emissions of toxic particulate matters and complex airborne pollution,"said Tong Li, associate professor at the ministry's appraisal center for environment andengineering.
Tong added that the high vapor pressure limit in the country's gasoline standard, which is twicethe US standard, may cause high emissions of volatile organic pollutants.
Setting up stricter emission and fuel standards does not necessarily mean higher costs,according to studies and foreign experience.
"Introducing cleaner fuels and vehicles is considered one of the most cost-effective air pollutionand climate change interventions, because it has climate and health benefits plus provides majorcost savings," said Zhang Shigang, coordinator of the UNEP China Office.
The average per-liter cost to upgrade refineries and produce 10-mcg-per-gram sulfur fuel inChina is 0.7 cents for gasoline and 1.7 cents for diesel. This is well below the price increasesapproved in October 2013 by the National Development and Reform Commission, according toanalysis commissioned by the International Council on Clean Transportation, an internationalnonprofit research organization based in Washington.
The analysis also found that the long-term benefits of the proposed China VI standards outweighthe costs by at least 7-to-1.
The sales volume of motor vehicles in China is expected to reach 22 million in 2013, while theInternational Council on Clean Transportation predicts the number of vehicles in the nation willreach almost 200 million by 2030, with more than 40 percent of those in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebeicluster, the Yangtze Delta and the Pearl River Delta, the three most polluted areas in China.
"Higher emissions and fuel standards help trap 99 percent of diesel particles, and filters shouldbelong on tailpipes, not people," said Vance Wagner, senior researcher and China co-lead ofthe council.